In the studies of Social Contract Theory ethical principle, the terms positive and negative rights are used. Compare and contrast these rights.
Answer:-
Positive rights
|
Negative rights
|
- Limited right
|
- Absolute right
|
- Obligates other to do something on your
behalf, but may be restricted based on circumstances.
|
- Duty to guarantee that you will be left
alone to exercise your rights, guaranteed without exception
|
Example
- Rights
to free education. Government, teachers, admins must facilitate this right.
Provided you meet the requirement set.
- In the U.S.,
one's right to receive an education is a positive right. Because all
American citizens are entitled to such an education, they must be provided
with a free public education
|
E.xample
- Freedom to observe religion practice
- Your right to vote and your right to own a computer
are both negative rights.
|
Question 2:
Answer:-
What is theft?
Theft is an action of stealing or taking others without the owner's permission or knowing. Theft is the taking of tangible or intangible property of the true owner without that owner permission with intent of depriving the rightful owner of it. Person who doing theft is known as thief.
What is Identity Theft?
Identity theft is a crime. in more understanding meaning, identity theft is an action of stealing someone's identity in which someone pretends to be someone else by assuming that person's identity. This action is done in order to access resources or obtain benefits in that person's name.
Example of identity theft.
For an example, thieves can change a person address so that all the mail will be sent to their home in order to gain an access to financial and personal information. But, some theives will just steal it from a person's mailbox. This could include credit card payments and possible outgoing mail. So, they can have all your information and they will take another action to gain benefits from it.
Question 3:
Describe 5 types of software piracy.
Answer:-
- Softlifting : purchasing a single licensed copy of software and loading it onto several computers contrary to the license terms. For example, sharing software with friends, co-workers and others.
- OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) unbundling : Original equipment manufacturer software is software that is only legally sold with specified hardware. When these programs are copied and sold separately from the hardware, this is a violation of the distribution contract between the vendor and the software publisher. Similarly, the term "unbundling" refers to the act of selling software separately that is legally sold only when bundled with another package. Software programs that are marked "not for resale" are often bundled applications.
- Software Counterfeiting : Software Counterfeiting means producing fake copies of the software, making it look authentic. This involves providing the packing box, CD’s or floppies or manuals, all designed to look like the original product. Most commonly, the copy of CDs is made with a CD burner and a photocopy of the manual is also made. Counterfeiting software is sold on streets corners and sometimes unknowingly sold even in the retail stores. Counterfeiting software is sold at prices far below the actual retail price of an original version.
- Hard disk loading : installing unauthorized copies of software onto the hard disks of personal computers, often as an incentive for the end user to buy the hardware from that particular hardware dealer.
- Uploading and downloading: making unauthorized copies of copyrighted software available to end users connected by modem to online service providers and/or the Internet.
Question 4:
Explain the two types of digital divide
Answer:-
Digital divide means some people have access to modern information technology while others do not
- Evidence of the digital divide
- Models of technological diffusion
- Critiques of the digital divide
Two types of Digital Divide is -
Global Divide ; Worldwide there is considerable concern that the explosion of the Internet may leave many
nations far behind, producing growing disparities between advanced industrialized and developing
societies. In theory the Internet can broaden and enhance access to information and communication
in developing nations, because it offers a relatively cheap and efficient service.
- Access higher in wealthy countries
- Access higher where IT infrastructure good
- Access higher where literacy higher
- Access higher in English-speaking countries
- Access higher where it is culturally valued
Social Divide ; Equally important, many have expressed concern about the development of a social divide,
referring to the inequalities of Internet access and use by disadvantaged groups within society, even
in countries at the forefront of the information society.
- Access higher for young people
- Access higher for well-educated people
